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      "fields": {
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        "priceUsd": 9.5,
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      "description": "Wild Planet Foods dates its founding to 2004 to build 100% sustainably wild-caught, scale-free tinned seafood distributed across the United States.",
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      "title": "Are Sardines Beauty's Best-Kept Skin Care Secret?",
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      "title": "Seafood Health and Nutrition: Canned Sardines",
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      "title": "Compliance Policy Guide Sec. 540.590: Sardines - Standards of Identity and Labeling",
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      "title": "Portuguese Sardines da Morgada Specifications",
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  "limitations": [
    "Missing years are gaps; no unchanged price, package, formulation, ownership, or availability is inferred.",
    "Observed prices exclude tax, shipping, subscriptions, bundles, and unrecorded promotions unless the observation states otherwise.",
    "Externally owned source material is represented by metadata, links, and checksums rather than republished captures.",
    "Traditional variation is not classified as fraud merely because a commercial formula differs."
  ]
}
