# Shiso History: Perilla Leaves, Japanese Herb Culture, and the Color of Preservation
How green and red perilla moved between medicine, pickling, garnish, and regional Japanese foodways
Canonical URL: https://thefoodthatshapedus.com/food/shiso
Summary: Trace shiso history through perilla cultivation, Japanese herb culture, umeboshi pickling, red and green leaves, and regional food traditions.
Category: ingredients
Primary topic: shiso history
Published: 2026-07-13
Updated: 2026-07-13
Word count: 652
Reviewer scope: Source and factual review: Mehdi Iarab — Perilla botany, green and red shiso uses, umeboshi preservation, and East Asian food context.
## Primary Image
- Name: Shiso primary image
- Image URL: https://thefoodthatshapedus.com/images/foods/history-and-origin-of-shiso.webp
- Dimensions: 1731x909
- Encoding: image/webp
- Alt text: Fresh green and red shiso perilla leaves arranged beside a ceramic dish
- Visual description: Fresh green and red shiso perilla leaves arranged beside a ceramic dish
- Caption: Shiso, or perilla, is used in Japanese foodways for aroma, wrapping, pickling, color, and garnish.
- Visible entities: Shiso, Perilla, Perilla frutescens
- Credit: The Foods That Shaped Us Research Desk
- Image terms: https://thefoodthatshapedus.com/image-rights#terms
- Permission information: https://thefoodthatshapedus.com/image-rights#request-permission
## Key Takeaways
- Shiso is a culinary form of perilla, an East Asian plant in the mint family, with green and red varieties used differently.
- Its history includes aroma, pickling, color, wrapping, and traditional herb use rather than one single garnish function.
- Red shiso is closely associated with coloring and seasoning umeboshi, while green shiso is common with sushi, sashimi, and other fresh foods.
- Calling shiso Japanese basil is a rough comparison, not a botanical identity; the two plants have different flavors and histories.
## Historical Timeline
- East Asian plant history: Perilla is cultivated and used in food and traditional herb practices across East Asia
- Premodern Japan: Red and green shiso become embedded in Japanese pickling, serving, and seasonal food culture
- Modern regional foodways: Shiso varieties gain protected regional identities and wider commercial distribution
- Global kitchens: Fresh shiso travels through Japanese restaurants, specialty growers, and culinary experimentation
## Historical Notes
- Red and green shiso are not merely decorative color variants; they have different culinary roles and sensory profiles.
- Red shiso helps color and flavor umeboshi, linking the herb to Japanese preservation.
- Perilla leaves have serrated edges and a distinctive aroma that can be mistaken for basil by newcomers.
## What Is Shiso?
Shiso is the Japanese name commonly used for culinary forms of perilla. It belongs to the mint family, but it does not taste like ordinary mint. Depending on the variety and growing conditions, shiso can be fresh, green, citrusy, spicy, camphor-like, or slightly aniseed. Green shiso, often called ao-jiso, is served fresh with sushi, sashimi, noodles, and other foods. Red shiso, or aka-jiso, is strongly associated with coloring and seasoning pickled plums. The plant is often translated as Japanese basil, but that label is only a rough bridge for unfamiliar readers. Shiso has its own botanical and culinary history.
## Perilla Across East Asia
Perilla has a wider East Asian history than the Japanese name suggests. The plant has been used in food and traditional herb practices in several regions, while local varieties and preparations differ. The Government of Japan describes shiso alongside other Japanese wa-herbs and places it within a culture of using plants for aroma, food, and traditional practice [1]. A responsible shiso history therefore distinguishes the species and the culinary forms from the national label. Japanese shiso is part of Japanese food culture, but perilla itself belongs to a broader East Asian botanical and agricultural story. Migration, cultivation, seed selection, and regional taste all matter.
## Red Shiso and the Technology of Pickling
Red shiso is one of the clearest examples of a garnish becoming a preservation tool. In umeboshi production, red leaves contribute color and herbal flavor to salted plums. The result is not only visual. The leaves join salt, acid, time, and pressure in a food system designed to transform a seasonal fruit into a durable pantry product. This is why shiso history should not be reduced to decorative leaves on a plate. A plant can be an herb, a dye, a pickle ingredient, a wrapper, and a marker of season at once.
## Green Shiso at the Table
Green shiso is commonly used fresh. Its leaves can sit beside sashimi, wrap small foods, carry aroma into a bowl, or be sliced into noodles and rice. The leaf provides a cool, high note against oily fish, salty sauces, or rich fillings. It also gives cooks a way to add fragrance without relying on a large quantity of spice. Fresh shiso is fragile, which affects how it travels. Commercial cultivation and specialty distribution allow it to appear far beyond its traditional growing areas, but storage and handling still shape the eating experience.
## Shiso in Contemporary Food Culture
Shiso now appears in restaurants, cocktail programs, specialty farms, and global home kitchens. Its novelty can attract diners who know it from sushi, while growers and chefs continue to work with red, green, and regional forms. That movement is useful when it introduces the plant accurately; it becomes flattening when shiso is treated as a mysterious garnish without agricultural or preservation history. The strongest modern description is simple: shiso is perilla used through Japanese and wider East Asian foodways, with distinct green and red culinary roles.
## Sources & References
1. “The Blessings of Wa-Herb.” Government of Japan, Highlighting Japan (2020) https://www.gov-online.go.jp/eng/publicity/book/hlj/html/202004/202004_08_en.html
2. “Shiso (perilla, also called Japanese basil).” Japan Tourism Agency / MLIT multilingual database (2022) https://www.mlit.go.jp/tagengo-db/common/001562120.pdf
3. “Kawai Aka Shiso (Perilla) Product Summary.” Japan Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2025) https://www.maff.go.jp/e/policies/intel/gi_act/register/250715_11.html
4. Alan Davidson “The Oxford Companion to Food.” Oxford University Press (2014)
Related canonical pages: [Sesame](https://thefoodthatshapedus.com/food/sesame) | [Mint](https://thefoodthatshapedus.com/food/mint) | [Rice](https://thefoodthatshapedus.com/food/rice) | [Sushi](https://thefoodthatshapedus.com/food/sushi)